Pollution caused by hydrocarbons, ethylene, ammonia, sulphure dioxide, chlorides, fluorides, NOx, lead compounds, etc. Carried by the air, these compounds are produced near industrial sources, such as the industry units (Phoenix Baia Mare, Sometra Copşa Mică, Galaţi, Hunedoara etc.). Their effects have continued to affect the environment even after the closure of the industrial activities, for example Ampellum Zlatna which polluted the soil with lead. At the same time, important areas are affected by emissions resulted from fertilizer and pesticides production plants, oil refinery, fibrocement plants.
In case of the non-ferrous industry (Baia Mare, Copşa Mică, Zlatna), more than 183,300 ha were contaminated at different degrees by heavy metals and SO2 emissions, which lead to human and animal diseases. Soils are affected by an acidification process which leads to decrease the nutrients content. Preliminary data shows that about 319,000 ha are affected by this type of pollution, out of which 42,600 ha are heavily affected.
It is also necessary to determine which substances are implied and to search for:
- soil gases which have to be characterized according to the source of mobile pollutants and the ways of transfer to groundwater and soils,
- dust has to be characterized by the analysis of elementary particles in the environment near the site in the upper soil layer.
Then appropriate techniques have to be chosen in particular for sampling.
The methodology will be developed in different steps:
- hazard identification,
- concentration of the pollutants and their effects,
- characterization of the contaminated media in order to determine the transfer and the degradation of the pollutant,
- adapted transport models and risk assessment,
- risk management.
This subject will be studied together with the monitoring of the Action Plans and Programs for Air Quality initiated in the actual twinning.
